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Configuration is an important part of any appliction and Flask provides several different methods for us to configure our app.
https://newbags387.weebly.com/will-late-2012-mac-mini-run-wmr-apps.html. In this part of the 'Learning Flask' series, we're going to cover our preferred app configuration method, using a config file with classes.
Let's get started.
Config basics
Every Flask application has a global
config object which can be accessed via app.config .
Flask's
config object allows us to assign values to configuration variables, which we'll then have access to throughout our application.
The global
config object can be treated just like a Python dictionary, which we can access and modify.
The best way to visually see the
config object it to simply print it in one of your routes. Go ahead and add the following to any route:
Network Configuration Mac
You'll see:
These are the default built-in configuration variables, which we can modify and change.
To modify any of these variables, we can just assign a new value to the key:
For example, let's update the configuration
SECRET_KEY variable with the following:
You'll see the following in your terminal:
The
SECRET_KEY value will now be permanently modified with the new value.
This method of updating config values works well for small applications which don't require many configuration variables.
However it's not very practical when you need to work across multiple environments and set several unique config values which you'll need to access all across your app. Thankfully there's a better way.
App Configuration file
Flask allows us to create a configuration file, where we can place all of our config values, overwrite the default values and alse create our own.
There are a few option for this, however we're just going to cover our preferred method of creating a Python file and creating a
Config class.
Go ahead and create a new file called
config.py and place it in the same directory as your application entry point (Where you call app.run() )
Here's the barebones of the
config.py file:
config.py
We first create the
Config class and set some default attributes. In this case, we've set DEBUG and TESTING to False .
We then create 3 more classes, each of which inherits the
Config class and attributes.
By the nature of class inheritance, all of our 3 subclasses have access to the
Config class attributes and can be overwritten in any of the subclasses.
Let's populate our config file with some attributes:
We've assigned new values to some of the built-in config variables and created some of our own.
Production level attributes have been placed in the parent
Config class which will be inherited by the ProductionConfig class, hence the pass .
Now that we've created our config file, we'll need to instruct Flask to load it.
Loading a config fileFree App File Download
Loading a config file is a simple one liner and should be placed as close to wherever you've created your
app object.
It's best practice to load the config as soon as possible, just after your
app object is created so any other extension has access to your configuration variables.
We load a config file with the
from_object() method, for example:
For example, if we want to load the
DevelopmentConfig class, we would do the following:
For
ProductionConfig : Final cut pro x 10.1 user manual.
In our case, we've placed this line in our
__init__.py file, just underneath creating our app object:
The config has now been registered on the app and is now accessible from any part of your application.
For example, you may want to connect to a local database using the
DevelopmentConfig settings in a different part or file in your app:
Flask ENV
The
ENV built-in configuration variable is extremely important and should always be set outside of your application, which we set with FLASK_ENV from the terminal.
If you've been following this series, you'll know that we set this as an environment variable in the terminal before running the
flask run What is the mac mail app with new gestures. command.
By default,
ENV is set to production which disables DEBUG mode and avoids displaying the interactive debugger to the world, meaning if you just ran your application without explicitly setting FLASK_ENV , it would run in production mode.
Setting
FLASK_ENV=development enables the debugger, which should never, ever be done in production!
I've found a nice pattern is to load a config based on the
ENV environment variable. We can do so with the following:
This pattern allows us to leave our code alone and control the config environment outside the application by setting the
FLASK_ENV environment variable in the terminal.
To illustrate this, we'll change our
FLASK_ENV and print it after loading the config:
![]()
In the terminal, run the following to set
FLASK_ENV to development
Run
flask run and watch your terminal, you'll see:
Now repeat the process, changing
FLASK_ENV to production:
Run
flask run again and you'll see:
Flask gives us a big red warning when the environment is set to production, just to drill home the importance of not running the development server in a production environment.
Alternative config methods
Flask is a very flexible framework and provides many ways to configure our application. Java 1.6 for mac os x 10.5.
Take a look at the Flask configuration documentation for some alternative options and feel free to experiment with some alternative methods!
Mac App Configuration Files Download
Previous articleQuery strings in Flask | Learning Flask Ep. 11
Next articleUploading files with Flask | Learning Flask Ep. 13
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